Crawford, R. H., Charlesworth, W. W., and Bailey, M. J., “The Design, Analysis, and Display of Three-Dimensional Mechanisms Using a CAD Executive,” Mechanism and Machine Theory, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 251-256, 1985.

      Crawford, R. H., Waggenspack, W. N., Anderson, D. C., and Bailey, M. J., “Composite Mappings for Planar Mesh Generation,” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 2241-2252, 1987.

      Crawford, R. H., Anderson, D. C., and Waggenspack, W. N., “Mesh Rezoning of 2D Isoparametric Elements by Inversion,” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 523-531, 1989.

      Crawford, R. H., and Rao, S. S., “Probabilistic Analysis of Function Generating Mechanisms,” Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 479-481, 1989.

      Crawford, R. H., and Anderson, D. C., “Modular Environment for Integrating Preliminary Mechanical Design Software,” International Journal of Systems Automation: Research and Applications, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 181-200, 1991.

      Bartels, K. A., Crawford, R. H., Das, S., Guduri, S., Bovik, A. C., Diller, K. R., and Aggarwal, S. J., “Fabrication of Macroscopic Solid Models of Three-Dimensional Microscopic Data by Selective Laser Sintering,” Journal of Microscopy, vol. 169, no. 3, pp. 383-389, 1993.

      Cavin, R., Wood, K. L., Crawford, R. H., Ratliff, R., and Sumrell, C. C., “An Optical-Artwork Inspection Method for Probe Accuracy of ICT Fixtures,” Journal of Surface Mount Technology, vol. 7, no. 1, 1993, pp. 28-41.  Also published in Proceedings of the Surface Mount International Conference and Exhibition, San Jose, CA, August 29-September 2, 1993, pp. 49-63, and as IBM-Austin Technical Report TR 51.0755.

      Levy, R. A., Guduri, S., and Crawford, R. H., “Preliminary Experience with Selective Laser Sintering Models of the Human Temporal Bone,” American Journal of Neuroradiology, vol. 15, pp. 473-477, March 1994.

      Crawford, R. H., Wood, K. L., Fowler, M. L., and Norrell, J. L., “An Engineering Design Curriculum for the Elementary Grades,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 83, no. 2, pp 172-181, April 1994.

      Anantha, R., Kramer, G. A., and Crawford, R. H., “Assembly Modelling by Geometric Constraint Satisfaction,” Computer-Aided Design, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 707-722, September 1996.

      Thompson, D. C., and Crawford, R. H., “Computational Quality Measures for Evaluation of Part Orientation in Freeform Fabrication,” Journal of Manufacturing Systems, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 273-289, 1997.

      Tumer, I. Y., Thompson, D. C., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “Characterization of Surface Fault Patterns with Application to a Layered Manufacturing Process,” Journal of Manufacturing Systems, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 23-36, 1998.

      Cho, U., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “Online Functional Testing with Rapid Prototypes: A Novel Empirical Similarity Method,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 128-138, 1998.

      Kleespies, H. S., and Crawford, R. H., “Vacuum Forming of Compound Curved Surfaces with a Variable Geometry Mold,” Journal of Manufacturing Systems, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 325-337, 1998.

      Stone, Robert B., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “A Heuristic Method for Identifying Modules for Product Architectures,” Design Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 5-31, 2000.

     Stone, Robert B., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. “Using Quantitative Functional Models to Develop Product Architectures,” Design Studies, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 239-260, 2000.

      Rogers, B., Stephens, S., Gitter, A., Bosker, G., and Crawford, R., “Prosthetic Socket Fabricated Using Selective Laser Sintering: A Case Study,” Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 97-100, 2000.

      Clinkenbeard, R. E., Johnson, D. L., Parthasarathy, R., Altan, C., Tan, K. H., Crawford, R. H., and Park, S. M., “Replication of Human Tracheobronchial Hollow Airway Models Using a Selective Laser Sintering Rapid Prototyping Technique,” American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, in press.

      Norrell, J. L., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “In-Bed Rapid Prototyping Metastructures: A Study of Thermal Effects,” Journal of Rapid Prototyping, in review.

     Crawford, R. H., Charlesworth, W. W., and Bailey, M. J., “The Use of a CAD Executive to Design, Analyze, and Display Three Dimensional Mechanisms,” ASME paper 84-DET-133, presented at the 1984 ASME Design Engineering Technology Conference, Cambridge, MA, October 7-10, 1984.

      Crawford, R. H., and Rao, S. S., “Reliability Analysis of Function Generating Mechanisms Through Monte Carlo Simulation,” Advances in Design Automation — 1987, Proceedings of the 1987 ASME Design Automation Conference, vol. 2, Boston, MA, S. S. Rao, ed., pp. 197-202, September 27-30, 1987.

      Anderson, D. C., and Crawford, R. H., “Knowledge Management for Preliminary Computer-Aided Mechanical Design,” Organization of Engineering Knowledge for Product Modelling in Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Toshio Sata (ed.), Elsevier Science Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 15-38, 1989.

      Crawford, R. H., and Anderson, D. C., “A Computer Representation for Modeling Feedback in Design Processes,” Proceedings of the ASME Computers in Engineering Conference, vol. 1, Boston, MA, G. L. Kinzel and S. M. Rohde, eds., pp. 165-170, August 1990.

      Srikantappa, A. B., and Crawford, R. H., “Intermediate Geometric and Interfeature Relationships for Automatic Group Technology Part Coding,” Proceedings of the 1992 ASME International Computers in Engineering Conference, San Francisco, CA, pp. 245-252, August 2-6, 1992.

      Crawford, R. H., Wood, K. L., and Fowler, M. L., “A Design Technology Curriculum for the Elementary Grades,” Proceedings of the 1992 Frontiers in Education Conference, Nashville, TN, 1992, pp. 570-575, November 12-14.

     Anantha, R., Kramer, G. A., and Crawford, R. H., “An Architecture to Represent Over, Under, and Fully Constrained Assemblies,” Concurrent Engineering, proceedings of the 1992 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, pp. 233-244, November 9-13, 1992.

      Ratliff, R., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “Modeling Vertical Centrifugal Pumps Towards Failure Analysis and Redesign,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Bond Graph Modeling and Simulation, LaJolla, CA, 1993, pp. 269-274, January 17-20.

      Bourell, D. L., Marcus, H. L., Barlow, J. W., Beaman, J. J., and Crawford, R. H., “Selective Laser Sintering of Ceramic and Metallic Powder,” Production Research 1993 — Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Production Research, Lappeenranta, Finland, 16‑20 August 1993, V. Orpana and A. Lukka, eds., Elsevier, New York, pp. 105‑106, 1993.

      Cavin, R., Wood, K. L., Crawford, R. H., Ratliff, R., and Sumrell, C. C., “An Optical-Artwork Inspection Method for Probe Accuracy of ICT Fixtures,” Proceedings of the Surface Mount International Conference and Exhibition, San Jose, CA, pp. 49-63, August 29-September 2, 1993.  Also published as IBM-Austin Technical Report TR 51.0755.

      Navaneethakrishan, R., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “An Object-Oriented Formalism for Geometric Reasoning in Engineering Design and Manufacture,” Advances in Design Automation — 1993, Proceedings of the 1993 ASME Design Automation Conference, vol. 2, Albuquerque, NM, pp. 301-313, September 19-22, 1993.

      Guduri, S., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Boundary Evaluation for Solid Freeform Fabrication,” Towards World Class Manufacturing 1993, proceedings of the IFIP TC5 WG5.2/WG5.3 Conference, M. J. Wozny and G. Olling, eds., Litchfield Park, AZ, pp. 301-312, September 12-16, 1993.

      Marcus, H. L., Bourell, D. L., Beaman, J. J., Manthiram, A., Barlow, J. W., and Crawford, R. H., “Challenges in Laser Processed Solid Freeform Fabrication,” Processing and Fabrication of Advanced Materials III, proceedings of the 1993 TMS Materials Week Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 127-133, October 17-21, 1993.

      Ahn, J-S., Park, K., and Crawford, R. H., “Design Actor-Based Representation of Iterative Design Processes for Embodiment Design,” Advances in Design Automation — 1994, Proceedings of the 1994 ASME Design Automation Conference, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 125-140, September 11-14, 1994.

      Coles, J. K., Crawford, R. H., and Wood, K. L., “Form Feature Recognition Using Based Volume Decomposition,” Advances in Design Automation — 1994, Proceedings of the 1994 ASME Design Automation Conference, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 281-297, September 11-14, 1994.

      Ahn, J-S., and Crawford, R. H., “Complexity Analysis of Computational Engineering Design Processes,” Proceedings of the 1994 ASME Design Theory and Methodology Conference, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 205-220, September 11-14, 1994.

      Bourell, D. L., Crawford, R. H., Marcus, H. L., Beaman, J. J., and Barlow, J. W., “Selective Laser Sintering of Metals,” Proceedings of the 1994 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, pp. 519-528, November 6-11, 1994.

      Crawford, R. H., Wood, K. L., and Fowler, M. L., “Elementary Education and Engineering Design: Concrete Experiences in Mathematics and Science,” Proceedings of the 1995 ASME Design Theory and Methodology Conference, Boston, MA, pp. 531-545, September 17-21, 1995.

      Thompson, D. C., and Crawford, R. H., “Computational Quality Measures for Evaluation of Part Orientation in Layered Manufacturing,” Intelligent Automation and Control, proceedings of the World Automation Congress 1996, vol. 4, Montpellier, France, pp. 721-726, May 27-30, 1996.

      Tumer, I. Y., Thompson, D. C., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “Quantification of Part Surface Quality: Application to Selective Laser Sintering,” Intelligent Automation and Control, proceedings of the World Automation Congress 1996, vol. 4, Montpellier, France, pp. 731-736, May 27-30, 1996.

      Norrell, J. L., Crawford, R. H., and Wood, K. L., “Thermal Issues in the Design of an SLS Rapid Prototyping Machine,” Proceedings of the 1997 ASME Design Automation Conference, Sacramento, CA, September 14-17, 1997.

      Cho, U., Wood, K. L., and, Crawford, R. H., “Novel Empirical Similarity Method for Reliable Product Test with Rapid Prototypes,” Proceedings of the 1998 ASME Design Automation Conference, Atlanta, GA, September 13-16, 1998.

      Stone, R. B., Wood, K. L., and, Crawford, R. H., “A Heuristic Method to Identify Modules from a Functional Description of a Product,” Proceedings of the 1998 ASME International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology, Atlanta, GA, September 13-16, 1998.

      Cho, U., Wood, K. L., and, Crawford, R. H., “System-Level Functional Testing for Scaled Prototypes with Configurational Distortions,” Proceedings of the 1999 ASME Design Automation Conference, Las Vegas, NV, September 12-15, 1999.

      Cho, U., Wood, K. L., and, Crawford, R. H., “Error Measures for Functional Product Testing,” Proceedings of the 1999 ASME Design for Manufacturing Conference, Las Vegas, NV, September 12-15, 1999.

      Stone, R. B., Wood, K. L., and, Crawford, R. H., “Product Architecture Development with Quantitative Functional Models,” Proceedings of the 1999 ASME Design Theory and Methodology Conference, Las Vegas, NV, September 12-15, 1999.

      Park, S-M., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Sliced Geometry Representation Based on Implicit Curves,” Proceedings of the 2000 Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Baltimore, MD, September 10-13, 2000.

      Park, S-M., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Volumetric Multi-Texturing for Functionally Gradient Material Representation,” Proceedings of the 2001 ACM Solid Modeling Symposium, pp. 216-224, Ann Arbor, MI, June 4-8, 2001.

      Thompson, D. C., and Crawford, R. H., “A Skeletal Topological Modeler Based On Bounding Spheres,” Proceedings of the 2001 Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, September 9-12, 2001.

      Thompson, D. C., and Crawford, R. H., “Generating Offsets that are Homologous to Their Skeletons,” Proceedings of the 2001 Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, September 9-12, 2001.

      Marcus, H. L., Beaman, J. J., Barlow, J. W., Bourell, D. L., and Crawford, R. H., eds., 1991 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 1991.

      Marcus, H. L., Beaman, J. J., Barlow, J. W., Bourell, D. L., and Crawford, R. H., eds., 1992 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 1992.

      Marcus, H. L., Beaman, J. J., Barlow, J. W., Bourell, D. L., and Crawford, R. H., eds., 1993 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 1993.

      Srikantappa, A. B., and Crawford, R. H., “Automatic Part Coding Based on Interfeature Relationships,” Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing, J. J. Shah, M. Mäntylä, and D. S. Nau, eds., Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 215-237, 1994.

      Marcus, H. L., Beaman, J. J., Barlow, J. W., Bourell, D. L., and Crawford, R. H., eds., 1994 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 1994.

      Marcus, H. L., Beaman, J. J., Barlow, J. W., Bourell, D. L., and Crawford, R. H., eds., 1995 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 1995.

      Marcus, H. L., Beaman, J. J., Barlow, J. W., Bourell, D. L., and Crawford, R. H., eds., 1996 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 1996.

      Beaman, J. J., Barlow, J. W., Bourell, D. L., Crawford, R. H., Marcus, H. L., and McAlea, K. P., Solid Freeform Fabrication: A New Direction in Manufacturing, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.

      Bourell, D. L., Beaman, J. J., Crawford, R. H., Marcus, H. L., and Barlow, J. W., eds., 1997 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 1997.

      Bourell, D. L., Beaman, J. J., Crawford, R. H., Marcus, H. L., and Barlow, J. W., eds., 1998 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 1998.

      Bezdek, E. J., Thompson, D. C., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “Volumetric Feature Recognition for Direct Engineering,” Direct Engineering: Toward Intelligent Manufacturing, A. K. Kamrani and P. R.Sferro, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 15-69, 1999.

      Pae, Y-S., Crawford, R. H., and Wood, K. L., “Variant Constraint Satisfaction: Associativity in Product Realization,” Direct Engineering: Toward Intelligent Manufacturing, A. K. Kamrani and P. R.Sferro, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 71-106, 1999.

      Bourell, D. L., Beaman, J. J., Crawford, R. H., Marcus, H. L., and Barlow, J. W., eds., 1999 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 1999.

      Bourell, D. L., Beaman, J. J., Crawford, R. H., Marcus, H. L., and Barlow, J. W., eds., 2000 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 2000.

      Park, S-M., Crawford, R. H., and Watson, D. A. D., “Computational and Design Tools for Distributed Design and Manufacturing Using Solid Freeform Fabrication,” Handbook of Rapid Prototyping and Layered Manufacturing: Technologies, Fundamentals, and Applications, M. C. Leu, ed., in review.

      Rogers, W. E., Crawford, R. H., Beaman, J. J., and Walsh, N. E., “Fabrication of Prosthetics Sockets by Selective Laser Sintering,” Proceedings of Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 158-163, August 12-14, 1991.

      Crawford, R. H., Das, S., and Beaman, J. J., “Software Testbed for Selective Laser Sintering,” Proceedings of Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 21-27, August 12-14, 1991.

      Das, S., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Process Control System for a High Temperature Workstation Performing the Selective Laser Sintering Process,” Proceedings of the 1992 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 16-25, August 3-5, 1992.

      Guduri, S., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “A Method to Generate Exact Contour Files for Solid Freeform Fabrication,” Proceedings of the 1992 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 95-101, August 3-5, 1992.

      Nichols, S., Kleepsies, H. S., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “Design Methodology and Projects for Space Engineering,” Proceedings of the AIAA/AHS/ASEE 1993 Aerospace Design Conference, Irvine, CA, February 15-18, 1993.

      Sferro, P. R., Bolling, G. F., and Crawford, R. H., “It’s Time for the Omni-Engineer,” Manufacturing Engineering, pp. 60-63, June 1993.

      Cavin, R., Bowen, S., Wood, K. L., Crawford, R. H., Ratliff, R., and Sumrell, C. C., “A Probe Accuracy Inspection Tool for ICT Fixtures Using PCB Artwork,” IBM Invention Disclosure AT8930378, August 1993.

      Guduri, S., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Direct Generation of Contour Files from Constructive Solid Geometry Representations,” Proceedings of the 1993 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 291-302, August 9-11, 1993.

      Crawford, R. H., “Computer Aspects of Solid Freeform Fabrication: Geometry, Process Control, and Design,” Proceedings of the 1993 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 102-112, August 9-11, 1993.

      Agarwala, M. K., Bourell, D. L., Beaman, J. J., Wu, B., Marcus, H. L., Crawford, R. H., and Barlow, J. W., “Selective Laser Sintering of a Bronze-Nickel Powder Mixture,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Rapid Product Development, Stuttgart, Germany, W. Steger, ed., pp. 79-92, January 1994.

      Marcus, H. L., Bourell, D. L., Manthiram, A., Beaman, J. J., Barlow, J. W., and Crawford, R. H., “Laser Processed Solid Freeform Fabrication,” Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, P. M. Dickens, ed., University of Nottingham, UK, pp. 231-244., July 6-7, 1994.

      Saidi, K. S., Barr, R. E., and Crawford, R. H., “Implementation of an Advanced Design Extension for Solid Modeling Part I:  Feature-Based Functions”, Proceedings of the ASEE 49th Annual Mid-Year Conference, Houston, TX, pp. 84-95, January 15-17, 1995.

      Chandra, A., Barr, R. E., and Crawford, R. H., “Implementation of an Advanced Design Extension for Solid Modeling Part I:  Machine Shop Functions”, Proceedings of the ASEE 49th Annual Mid-Year Conference, Houston, TX, pp. 96-106, January 15-17, 1995.

      Tumer, I. Y., Thompson, D. C., Crawford, R. H., and Wood, K. L., “Surface Characterization of Polycarbonate Parts from Selective Laser Sintering,” Proceedings of the 1995 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 181-188, August 7-9, 1995.

      Thompson, D. C., and Crawford, R. H., “Optimizing Part Quality with Orientation,” Proceedings of the 1995 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 362-368, August 7-9, 1995.

      Marin, N., and Crawford, R. H., “A Neural Network Architecture to Identify Bone Tissue for Solid Freeform Fabrication,” Proceedings of the 1995 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 468-478, August 7-9, 1995.

      Crawford, R. H., Wood, K. L., and Fowler, M. L., “Engineering K-6,” Discovery, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 59-55, 1996.

      Norrell, J. L., Wood, K. L., Crawford, R. H., and Bergman, T. L., “Forced Convection in a Polymeric Powder,” Proceedings of the 1996 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 459-470, August 12-14, 1996.

      Chen, K., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Parametric Representation of Part Contours in SLS Process,” Proceedings of the 1996 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 597-608, August 12-14, 1996.

      Bourell, D. L., Beaman, J. J.,. Barlow, J. W, Crawford, R. H., Marcus, H. L., Weiss, L. E., “Current and Future Trends in Solid Freeform Fabrication”, Rapid Product Development Technologies, SPIE Proceedings Vol. 2910, 1997, pp. 104-113.

      Crawford, R. H., Barlow, J. W., Beaman, J. J., and Bourell, D. L., “Replacement of Biological Parts Using Solid Freeform Fabrication Technologies”, 1997 Advances in Bioengineering, Proceedings of the 1997 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Conference and Exposition, B. Simon, ed., Dallas, TX, November 16-21, 1997, pp. 267-268.

      Watson, D., Park, S-M., Muraleedharan, A., Crawford, R., and Beaman, J., “Design Rules for Solid Freeform Fabrication,” Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Grantees Conferences, Long Beach, CA, January 5-8, 1999.

      Crawford, R. H., Beaman, J. J., Cavello, C., Jackson, J. D., Jurrens, K. K., Weiss, L. E., and Séquin, C., “Solid Freeform Fabrication,” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 34-43, February 1999.

      Park, S-K., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Functionally Gradient Material Design and Modeling Using Implicit Schemes for Solid Freeform Fabrication,” Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Grantees Conferences, Vancouver, BC, Canada, January 4-7, 2000.

      Park, S-K., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Functionally Gradient Material Representation by Volumetric Multi-Texturing for Solid Freeform Fabrication,” Proceedings of the 2000 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 7-9, 2000.

      Stephens, S., Crawford, R., Rogers, W., Gitter, A., and Bosker, G., “Manufacture of Compliant Prosthesis Sockets using Selective Laser Sintering,” Proceedings of the 2000 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 7-9, 2000.

      Crawford, R. H., Beaman, J. J., Bourell, D. L., and Wood, K. L., “Advances in Multiple Material Solid Freeform Fabrication,” Proceedings of the 2001 SME Rapid Prototyping Conference and Exposition, Cincinnati, OH, May 15-17, 2001.

      Faustini, M., Lokhande, M., Crawford, R., Rogers, W., Gitter, A., and Bosker, G., “Finite Element Structural Analysis of Prosthesis Sockets for Below-the-Knee Amputees Manufactured Using SLS,” Proceedings of the 2001 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 6-8, 2001.

      Lokhande, M., and Crawford, R. H., “Testing of Compliance in a Prosthetic Socket Fabricated Using Selective Laser Sintering,” Proceedings of the 2001 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 6-8, 2001.

     Crawford, R. H., “Interfacing ADAMS with Solid Modeling Software,” ADAMS and DRAM 1984 User Group Conference, Ann Arbor, MI, December 11, 1984.

      Crawford, R. H., “Knowledge Management for Preliminary Mechanical Design,” CAM-I Geometric Modeling Program Meeting, Bethesda, MD, November 14, 1989.

      Crawford, R. H., “Knowledge Management for Engineering Design,” Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, March 15, 1991.

      Crawford, R. H., and Wood, K. L., “Engineering Design: History, Methodology, and Everyday Applications,” Design Technology Teachers Workshop, Austin Independent School District, Austin, TX, October 15, 1991.

      Crawford, R. H., “Manufacturing Dependencies for Fixtures, Tooling and Dunnage Design,” Ford Motor Company, Detroit, MI, August 28, 1992.

      Crawford, R. H., “Rapid Prototyping in Manufacturing: Techniques and Trends,” Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, September 25, 1992.

      Crawford, R. H., and Wood, K. L., “Formal Representation of Features and Spatial Relationships,” Ford Motor Company, Detroit, MI, June 18, 1993.

      Crawford, R. H., “Geometric Constraint Satisfaction and Design Process Representation: Implementing Direct Engineering,” Ford Motor Company, Detroit, MI, November 22, 1993.

      Crawford, R. H., and Wood, K. L., “Feature-Based Group Technology Part Coding and Part Retrieval,” Ford Motor Company, Detroit, MI, June 1, 1994.

      Cavin, R., Crawford, R. H., and Wood, K. L., “A Geometric Constraint Engine for Support Product Verification,” Ford Motor Company, Detroit, MI, June 2, 1994.

      Crawford, R. H., “Elementary Education and Engineering Design,” Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, November 8, 1995.

      Crawford, R. H., “Data Exchange Requirements for Solid Freeform Fabrication,” STEP-Based SIF Workshop, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Washington, DC, November 25, 1996.

      Crawford, R. H., “Solid Freeform Fabrication: Technologies, Applications, and Research,” Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, March 13, 1998.

      Crawford, R. H., “The Impact of Freeform Fabrication on the 21^st Century Company,” Scientific Research Laboratories, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, May 19, 1999.

      Crawford, R. H., “Challenges in Computer-Aided Design,” Visteon, Inc., Dearborn, MI, May 19, 1999.

      Crawford, R. H., Charlesworth, W. W., and Bailey, M. J., “The Use of a CAD Executive to Design, Analyze, and Display Three Dimensional Mechanisms,” 1984 ASME Design Engineering Technology Conference, Cambridge, MA, October 10, 1984.

      Crawford, R. H., and Rao, S. S., “Reliability Analysis of Function Generating Mechanisms Through Monte Carlo Simulation,” ASME Design Automation Conference, Boston, MA, September 27, 1987.

      Crawford, R. H., “A Computer Representation for Modeling Feedback in Design Processes,” 1990 ASME International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition, Boston, MA, August 6, 1990.

      Crawford, R. H., and Wood, K. L., “Engineering Design: Feature Representation and Tools,” Feature-Based Design and Manufacturing Workshop, sponsored by Martin-Marietta and the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences, Gatlinburg, TN, June, 20, 1991.

      Crawford, R. H., Das, S., and Beaman, J. J., “Software Testbed for Selective Laser Sintering,” 1991 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 12, 1991.

      Rogers, W. E., Crawford, R. H., Beaman, J. J., and Walsh, N. E., “Fabrication of Prosthetics Sockets by Selective Laser Sintering,” 1991 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 13, 1991.

      Das, S., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Process Control System for a High Temperature Workstation Performing the Selective Laser Sintering Process,” 1992 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 3, 1992.

      Srikantappa, A. B., and Crawford, R. H., “Intermediate Geometric and Interfeature Relationships for Automatic Group Technology Part Coding,” 1992 ASME International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition, San Francisco, CA, August 4, 1992.

      Anantha, R., Kramer, G. A., and Crawford, R. H., “An Architecture to Represent Over, Under, and Fully Constrained Assemblies,” 1992 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, November 12, 1992.

      Crawford, R. H., Wood, K. L., and Fowler, M. L., “A Design Technology Curriculum for the Elementary Grades,” 1992 ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, Nashville, TN, November 13, 1992.

      Ratliff, R., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “Modeling Vertical Centrifugal Pumps Towards Failure Analysis and Redesign,” International Conference on Bond Graph Modeling and Simulation, LaJolla, CA, January 17, 1993.

      Nichols, S., Kleepsies, H. S., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “Design Methodology and Projects for Space Engineering,” AIAA/AHS/ASEE 1993 Aerospace Design Conference, Irvine, CA, February 15, 1993.

      Crawford, R. H., “Computer Aspects of Solid Freeform Fabrication: Geometry, Process Control, and Design,” 1993 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 10, 1993.

      Guduri, S., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Direct Generation of Contour Files from Constructive Solid Geometry Representations,” 1993 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 11, 1993.

      Bourell, D. L., Marcus, H. L., Barlow, J. W., Beaman, J. J., and Crawford, R. H., “Selective Laser Sintering of Ceramic and Metallic Powder,” 12th International Conference on Production Research, Lappeenranta, Finland, August 1993.

      Cavin, R., Wood, K. L., Crawford, R. H., Ratliff, R., and Sumrell, C. C., “An Optical-Artwork Inspection Method for Probe Accuracy of ICT Fixtures,” Surface Mount International Conference and Exhibition, San Jose, CA, August 30, 1993.

      Guduri, S., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Boundary Evaluation for Solid Freeform Fabrication,” Towards World Class Manufacturing 1993, Litchfield Park, AZ, September 15, 1993.

      Navaneethakrishan, R., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “An Object-Oriented Formalism for Geometric Reasoning in Engineering Design and Manufacture,” 1993 ASME Design Automation Conference, September 21, 1993.

      Marcus, H. L., Bourell, D. L., Beaman, J. J., Manthiram, A., Barlow, J. W., and Crawford, R. H., “Challenges in Laser Processed Solid Freeform Fabrication,” 1993 TMS-AIME Fall Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, October 19, 1993.

      Crawford, R. H., “Geometric Issues in Rapid Prototyping and Solid Freeform Fabrication,” Third SIAM Conference on Geometric Design, Tempe, AZ, November 4, 1993.

      Agarwala, M. K., Bourell, D. L., Beaman, J. J., Wu, B., Marcus, H. L., Crawford, R. H., and Barlow, J. W., “Selective Laser Sintering of a Bronze-Nickel Powder Mixture,” International Conference on Rapid Product Development, Stuttgart, Germany, January 31, 1994.

      Ahn, J-S., Park, K., and Crawford, R. H., “Design Actor-Based Representation of Iterative Design Processes for Embodiment Design,” 1994 ASME Design Automation Conference, Minneapolis, MN, September 12 1994.

      Coles, J. K., Crawford, R. H., and Wood, K. L., “Form Feature Recognition Using Based Volume Decomposition,” 1994 ASME Design Automation Conference, Minneapolis, MN, September 13, 1994.

      Ahn, J-S., and Crawford, R. H., “Complexity Analysis of Computational Engineering Design Processes,” 1994 ASME Design Theory and Methodology Conference, Minneapolis, MN, September 13, 1994.

      Bourell, D. L., Crawford, R. H., Marcus, H. L., Beaman, J. J., and Barlow, J. W., “Selective Laser Sintering of Metals,” 1994 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, November 8, 1994.

      Tumer, I. Y., Thompson, D. C., Crawford, R. H., and Wood, K. L., “Surface Characterization of Polycarbonate Parts from Selective Laser Sintering,” 1995 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 8, 1995.

      Wood, K. L., Crawford, R. H., and Fowler, M. L., “Elementary Education and Engineering Design: Concrete Experiences in Mathematics and Science,” 1995 ASME Design Theory and Methodology Conference, Boston, MA, September 19, 1995.

      Thompson, D. C., and Crawford, R. H., “Computational Quality Measures for Evaluation of Part Orientation in Layered Manufacturing,” presented at World Automation Congress 1996, Montpellier, France, May 28, 1996.

      Tumer, I. Y., Thompson, D. C., Wood, K. L., and Crawford, R. H., “Quantification of Part Surface Quality: Application to Selective Laser Sintering,” presented at World Automation Congress 1996, Montpellier, France, May 28, 1996.

      Norrell, J. L., Wood, K. L., Crawford, R. H., and Bergman, T. L., “Forced Convection in a Polymeric Powder”, presented at 1996 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 12, 1996.

      Chen, K., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Parametric Representation of Part Contours in SLS Process”, presented at 1996 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 12, 1996.

      Bourell, D. L., Beaman, J. J,, Barlow, J. W., Crawford, R. H., Marcus, H. L., and Weiss, L. E., “Current and Future Trends in Solid Freeform Fabrication”, presented at the International Society for Optical Engineering “Photonics East” Meeting, Boston, MA, November 19, 1996.

      Crawford, R. H., Norrell, J. L., and Wood, K. L., “Thermal Issues in the Design of an SLS Rapid Prototyping Machine,” presented at the 1997 ASME Design Automation Conference, Sacremento, CA, September 16, 1997.

      Crawford, R. H., Barlow, J. W., Beaman, J. J., and Bourell, D. L., “Replacement of Biological Parts Using Solid Freeform Fabrication Technologies”, presented at the 1997 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Conference and Exposition, Dallas, TX, November 19, 1997.

      Cho, U., Wood, K. L., and, Crawford, R. H., “Novel Empirical Similarity Method for Reliable Product Test with Rapid Prototypes,” presented at the 1998 ASME Design Automation Conference, Atlanta, GA, September 15, 1998.

      Stone, R. B., Wood, K. L., and, Crawford, R. H., “A Heuristic Method to Identify Modules from a Functional Description of a Product,” presented at the 1998 ASME International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology, Atlanta, GA, September 15, 1998.

      Cho, U., Wood, K. L., and, Crawford, R. H., “System-Level Functional Testing for Scaled Prototypes with Configurational Distortions,” presented the 1999 ASME Design Automation Conference, Las Vegas, NV, September 13, 1999.

      Cho, U., Wood, K. L., and, Crawford, R. H., “Error Measures for Functional Product Testing,” presented at the 1999 ASME Design for Manufacturing Conference, Las Vegas, NV, September 14, 1999.

      Stone, R. B., Wood, K. L., and, Crawford, R. H., “Product Architecture Development with Quantitative Functional Models,” presented at the 1999 ASME Design Theory and Methodology Conference, Las Vegas, NV, September 14, 1999.

      Park, S-K., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Functionally Gradient Material Representation by Volumetric Multi-Texturing for Solid Freeform Fabrication,” presented at the 2000 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 7, 2000.

      Stephens, S., Crawford, R., Rogers, W., Gitter, A., and Bosker, G., “Manufacture of Compliant Prosthesis Sockets using Selective Laser Sintering,” presented at the 2000 Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, August 8, 2000.

      Park, S-M., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Sliced Geometry Representation Based on Implicit Curves,” presented at the 2000 Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Baltimore, MD, September 12, 2000.

      Crawford, R. H., Beaman, J. J., Bourell, D. L., and Wood, K. L., “Advances in Multiple Material Solid Freeform Fabrication,” presented at the 2001 SME Rapid Prototyping Conference and Exposition, Cincinnati, OH, May 16, 2001.

      Clinkenbeard, R., Johnson, D., Parthasarathy, R., Altan, C., Tan, K., Crawford, R., and Park, S., “Replication of Human Tracheobronchial Hollow Airway Models Using a Selective Laser Sintering Rapid Prototyping Technique,” presented at the the 2001 American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, LA, June 2-7, 2001.

      Park, S-M., Crawford, R. H., and Beaman, J. J., “Volumetric Multi-Texturing for Functionally Gradient Material Representation,” presented at the 2001 ACM Solid Modeling Conference, Ann Arbor, MI, June 8, 2001.

      Crawford, R. H., “Similarity Methods for Product Design and Evaluation Using Rapid Prototyping,” presented at the Joint Korea-US Workshop on Information Technology in Product Development, Kyungju, Korea, July 12, 2001.

      Bailey, M., Crawford, R., McMains, S., and Séquin, C., “3D Hardcopy: Converting Virtual Reality to Physical Models,” presented at the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference and Exhibition, Los Angeles, CA, August 14, 2001.

      Thompson, D. C., and Crawford, R. H., “A Skeletal Topological Modeler Based On Bounding Spheres,” presented at the 2001 Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, September 11, 2001.

      Thompson, D. C., and Crawford, R. H., “Generating Offsets that are Homologous to Their Skeletons,” presented at the 2001 Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, September 11, 2001.